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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../../PREFACE.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">快速上手</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 快速上手</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/typescript-in-5-minutes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 5 分钟了解 TypeScript</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/asp.net-core.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> ASP.NET Core</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/asp.net-4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> ASP.NET 4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/gulp.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> Gulp</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/knockout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Knockout.js</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/react-and-webpack.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> React 与 webpack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/react.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> React</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/angular-2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Angular 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/tutorials/migrating-from-javascript.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> 从 JavaScript 迁移到 TypeScript</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 手册</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/basic-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 基础类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/interfaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 接口</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/literal-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 字面量类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/unions-and-intersections.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 联合类型和交叉类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/classes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 类</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook/generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> 泛型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册（进阶）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 手册（进阶）</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/advanced-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 高级类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/utility-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 实用工具类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/decorators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Decorators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/declaration-merging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 声明合并</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/iterators-and-generators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Iterators 和 Generators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/jsx.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> JSX</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/mixins.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> 混入</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> 模块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/module-resolution.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> 模块解析</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/namespaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> 命名空间</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/namespaces-and-modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> 命名空间和模块</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/symbols.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.12.</strong> Symbols</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/triple-slash-directives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.13.</strong> 三斜线指令</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/type-compatibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.14.</strong> 类型兼容性</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/type-inference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.15.</strong> 类型推论</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/reference/variable-declarations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.16.</strong> 变量声明</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">手册（v2）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook-v2/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 手册（v2）</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/handbook-v2/type-manipulation/template-literal-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 模版字面量类型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">TypeScript 声明文件（.d.ts）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 如何书写声明文件</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/by-example.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 举例</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/library-structures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 库结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/templates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> 模板</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/do-s-and-don-ts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> 最佳实践</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/deep-dive.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> 深入</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/publishing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> 发布</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/declaration-files/consumption.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> 使用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">TypeScript for JavaScript</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/javascript/type-checking-javascript-files.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> JavaScript 文件里的类型检查</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">工程配置</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 工程配置</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/tsconfig.json.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> tsconfig.json</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/project-references.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> 工程引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/typings-for-npm-packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> NPM 包的类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/compiler-options.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> 编译选项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/configuring-watch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> 配置 Watch</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/compiler-options-in-msbuild.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> 在 MSBuild 里使用编译选项</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/integrating-with-build-tools.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.7.</strong> 与其它构建工具整合</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/project-config/nightly-builds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.8.</strong> 使用 TypeScript 的每日构建版本</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">版本发布说明（Release Notes）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> 新增功能</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-5.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> TypeScript 5.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-5.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> TypeScript 5.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> TypeScript 4.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> TypeScript 4.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> TypeScript 4.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> TypeScript 4.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> TypeScript 4.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> TypeScript 4.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> TypeScript 4.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> TypeScript 4.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> TypeScript 4.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-4.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> TypeScript 4.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.13.</strong> TypeScript 3.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.14.</strong> TypeScript 3.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.15.</strong> TypeScript 3.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.16.</strong> TypeScript 3.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.17.</strong> TypeScript 3.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.18.</strong> TypeScript 3.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.19.</strong> TypeScript 3.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.20.</strong> TypeScript 3.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.21.</strong> TypeScript 3.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-3.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.22.</strong> TypeScript 3.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.23.</strong> TypeScript 2.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.24.</strong> TypeScript 2.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.25.</strong> TypeScript 2.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.26.</strong> TypeScript 2.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.27.</strong> TypeScript 2.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.28.</strong> TypeScript 2.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.29.</strong> TypeScript 2.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.30.</strong> TypeScript 2.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.31.</strong> TypeScript 2.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-2.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.32.</strong> TypeScript 2.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.33.</strong> TypeScript 1.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.34.</strong> TypeScript 1.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.35.</strong> TypeScript 1.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.36.</strong> TypeScript 1.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.37.</strong> TypeScript 1.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.38.</strong> TypeScript 1.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/release-notes/typescript-1.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.39.</strong> TypeScript 1.1</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><li class="part-title">破坏性改动（Breaking Changes）</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Breaking Changes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> TypeScript 3.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> TypeScript 3.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> TypeScript 3.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> TypeScript 3.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> TypeScript 3.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-3.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> TypeScript 3.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.9.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> TypeScript 2.9</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> TypeScript 2.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.9.</strong> TypeScript 2.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.10.</strong> TypeScript 2.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.11.</strong> TypeScript 2.4</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.3.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.12.</strong> TypeScript 2.3</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.13.</strong> TypeScript 2.2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.14.</strong> TypeScript 2.1</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-2.0.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.15.</strong> TypeScript 2.0</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.16.</strong> TypeScript 1.8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.17.</strong> TypeScript 1.7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.6.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.18.</strong> TypeScript 1.6</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.5.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.19.</strong> TypeScript 1.5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../zh/breaking-changes/typescript-1.4.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.20.</strong> TypeScript 1.4</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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                        <h1 id="react与webpack"><a class="header" href="#react与webpack">React与webpack</a></h1>
<p>这篇指南将会教你如何将TypeScript和<a href="https://reactjs.org/">React</a>还有<a href="http://webpack.github.io/">webpack</a>结合在一起使用。</p>
<p>如果你正在做一个全新的工程，可以先阅读这篇<a href="react.html">React快速上手指南</a>。</p>
<p>否则，我们假设已经在使用<a href="https://nodejs.org/">Node.js</a>和<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/">npm</a>。</p>
<h2 id="初始化项目结构"><a class="header" href="#初始化项目结构">初始化项目结构</a></h2>
<p>让我们新建一个目录。 将会命名为<code>proj</code>，但是你可以改成任何你喜欢的名字。</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">mkdir proj
cd proj
</code></pre>
<p>我们会像下面的结构组织我们的工程：</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">proj/
├─ dist/
└─ src/
   └─ components/
</code></pre>
<p>TypeScript文件会放在<code>src</code>文件夹里，通过TypeScript编译器编译，然后经webpack处理，最后生成一个<code>main.js</code>文件放在<code>dist</code>目录下。 我们自定义的组件将会放在<code>src/components</code>文件夹下。</p>
<p>下面来创建基本结构：</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">mkdir src
cd src
mkdir components
cd ..
</code></pre>
<p>Webpack会帮助我们生成<code>dist</code>目录。</p>
<h2 id="初始化工程"><a class="header" href="#初始化工程">初始化工程</a></h2>
<p>现在把这个目录变成npm包。</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">npm init -y
</code></pre>
<p>它会使用默认值生成一个<code>package.json</code>文件。</p>
<h2 id="安装依赖"><a class="header" href="#安装依赖">安装依赖</a></h2>
<p>首先确保已经全局安装了Webpack。</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">npm install --save-dev webpack webpack-cli
</code></pre>
<p>Webpack这个工具可以将你的所有代码和可选择地将依赖捆绑成一个单独的<code>.js</code>文件。</p>
<p>现在我们添加React和React-DOM以及它们的声明文件到<code>package.json</code>文件里做为依赖：</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">npm install --save react react-dom
npm install --save-dev @types/react @types/react-dom
</code></pre>
<p>使用<code>@types/</code>前缀表示我们额外要获取React和React-DOM的声明文件。 通常当你导入像<code>&quot;react&quot;</code>这样的路径，它会查看<code>react</code>包； 然而，并不是所有的包都包含了声明文件，所以TypeScript还会查看<code>@types/react</code>包。 你会发现我们以后将不必在意这些。</p>
<p>接下来，我们要添加开发时依赖<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/ts-loader">ts-loader</a>和<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/source-map-loader">source-map-loader</a>。</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">npm install --save-dev typescript ts-loader source-map-loader
</code></pre>
<p>这些依赖会让TypeScript和webpack在一起良好地工作。 <code>ts-loader</code>可以让Webpack使用TypeScript的标准配置文件<code>tsconfig.json</code>编译TypeScript代码。 source-map-loader使用TypeScript输出的sourcemap文件来告诉webpack何时生成_自己的_sourcemaps。 这就允许你在调试最终生成的文件时就好像在调试TypeScript源码一样。</p>
<p>请注意，<code>ts-loader</code>并不是唯一的<code>TypeScript</code>加载器。</p>
<p>你还可以选择<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/awesome-typescript-loader">awesome-typescript-loader</a>。 可以到<a href="https://github.com/s-panferov/awesome-typescript-loader#differences-between-ts-loader">这里</a>查看它们之间的区别。</p>
<p>注意我们安装TypeScript为一个开发依赖。 我们还可以使用<code>npm link typescript</code>来链接TypeScript到一个全局拷贝，但这不是常见用法。</p>
<h2 id="添加typescript配置文件"><a class="header" href="#添加typescript配置文件">添加TypeScript配置文件</a></h2>
<p>我们想将TypeScript文件整合到一起 - 这包括我们写的源码和必要的声明文件。</p>
<p>我们需要创建一个<code>tsconfig.json</code>文件，它包含了输入文件列表以及编译选项。 在工程根目录下新建文件<code>tsconfig.json</code>文件，添加以下内容：</p>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">{
    &quot;compilerOptions&quot;: {
        &quot;outDir&quot;: &quot;./dist/&quot;,
        &quot;sourceMap&quot;: true,
        &quot;noImplicitAny&quot;: true,
        &quot;module&quot;: &quot;commonjs&quot;,
        &quot;target&quot;: &quot;es6&quot;,
        &quot;jsx&quot;: &quot;react&quot;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>你可以在<a href="../project-config/tsconfig.json.html">这里</a>了解更多关于<code>tsconfig.json</code>文件的说明。</p>
<h2 id="写些代码"><a class="header" href="#写些代码">写些代码</a></h2>
<p>下面使用React写一段TypeScript代码。 首先，在<code>src/components</code>目录下创建一个名为<code>Hello.tsx</code>的文件，代码如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-typescript">import * as React from &quot;react&quot;;

export interface HelloProps { compiler: string; framework: string; }

export const Hello = (props: HelloProps) =&gt; &lt;h1&gt;Hello from {props.compiler} and {props.framework}!&lt;/h1&gt;;
</code></pre>
<p>注意这个例子使用了<a href="https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#functional-and-class-components">函数组件</a>，我们可以让它更像一点_类_。</p>
<pre><code class="language-typescript">import * as React from &quot;react&quot;;

export interface HelloProps { compiler: string; framework: string; }

// 'HelloProps' describes the shape of props.
// State is never set so we use the '{}' type.
export class Hello extends React.Component&lt;HelloProps, {}&gt; {
    render() {
        return &lt;h1&gt;Hello from {this.props.compiler} and {this.props.framework}!&lt;/h1&gt;;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>接下来，在<code>src</code>下创建<code>index.tsx</code>文件，源码如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-typescript">import * as React from &quot;react&quot;;
import * as ReactDOM from &quot;react-dom&quot;;

import { Hello } from &quot;./components/Hello&quot;;

ReactDOM.render(
    &lt;Hello compiler=&quot;TypeScript&quot; framework=&quot;React&quot; /&gt;,
    document.getElementById(&quot;example&quot;)
);
</code></pre>
<p>我们仅仅将<code>Hello</code>组件导入<code>index.tsx</code>。 注意，不同于<code>&quot;react&quot;</code>或<code>&quot;react-dom&quot;</code>，我们使用<code>Hello.tsx</code>的_相对路径_ - 这很重要。 如果不这样做，TypeScript只会尝试在<code>node_modules</code>文件夹里查找。</p>
<p>我们还需要一个页面来显示<code>Hello</code>组件。 在根目录<code>proj</code>创建一个名为<code>index.html</code>的文件，如下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-markup">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
        &lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;title&gt;Hello React!&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;example&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Dependencies --&gt;
        &lt;script src=&quot;./node_modules/react/umd/react.development.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
        &lt;script src=&quot;./node_modules/react-dom/umd/react-dom.development.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;

        &lt;!-- Main --&gt;
        &lt;script src=&quot;./dist/main.js&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>需要注意一点我们是从<code>node_modules</code>引入的文件。 React和React-DOM的npm包里包含了独立的<code>.js</code>文件，你可以在页面上引入它们，这里我们为了快捷就直接引用了。 可以随意地将它们拷贝到其它目录下，或者从CDN上引用。 Facebook在CND上提供了一系列可用的React版本，你可以在这里查看<a href="http://facebook.github.io/react/downloads.html#development-vs.-production-builds">更多内容</a>。</p>
<h2 id="创建一个webpack配置文件"><a class="header" href="#创建一个webpack配置文件">创建一个webpack配置文件</a></h2>
<p>在工程根目录下创建一个<code>webpack.config.js</code>文件。</p>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">module.exports = {
    mode: &quot;production&quot;,

    // Enable sourcemaps for debugging webpack's output.
    devtool: &quot;source-map&quot;,

    resolve: {
        // Add '.ts' and '.tsx' as resolvable extensions.
        extensions: [&quot;.ts&quot;, &quot;.tsx&quot;]
    },

    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.ts(x?)$/,
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: &quot;ts-loader&quot;
                    }
                ]
            },
            // All output '.js' files will have any sourcemaps re-processed by 'source-map-loader'.
            {
                enforce: &quot;pre&quot;,
                test: /\.js$/,
                loader: &quot;source-map-loader&quot;
            }
        ]
    },

    // When importing a module whose path matches one of the following, just
    // assume a corresponding global variable exists and use that instead.
    // This is important because it allows us to avoid bundling all of our
    // dependencies, which allows browsers to cache those libraries between builds.
    externals: {
        &quot;react&quot;: &quot;React&quot;,
        &quot;react-dom&quot;: &quot;ReactDOM&quot;
    }
};
</code></pre>
<p>大家可能对<code>externals</code>字段有所疑惑。 我们想要避免把所有的React都放到一个文件里，因为会增加编译时间并且浏览器还能够缓存没有发生改变的库文件。</p>
<p>理想情况下，我们只需要在浏览器里引入React模块，但是大部分浏览器还没有支持模块。 因此大部分代码库会把自己包裹在一个单独的全局变量内，比如：<code>jQuery</code>或<code>_</code>。 这叫做“命名空间”模式，webpack也允许我们继续使用通过这种方式写的代码库。 通过我们的设置<code>&quot;react&quot;: &quot;React&quot;</code>，webpack会神奇地将所有对<code>&quot;react&quot;</code>的导入转换成从<code>React</code>全局变量中加载。</p>
<p>你可以在<a href="https://webpack.js.org/concepts">这里</a>了解更多如何配置webpack。</p>
<h2 id="整合在一起"><a class="header" href="#整合在一起">整合在一起</a></h2>
<p>执行：</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">npx webpack
</code></pre>
<p>在浏览器里打开<code>index.html</code>，工程应该已经可以用了！ 你可以看到页面上显示着“Hello from TypeScript and React!”</p>

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